Formation of correct posture in children largely depends on the environment. The duty of the parents and employees of preschools and schools is to follow the correct position of the child in standing, sitting and walking, and the use of exercises that develop primarily the muscles of the back, legs and abdomen. This is to ensure that the child has developed the natural muscular corset.
On the spine and its changes
Spine (spine) is a large part of the axial skeleton and consists of 33-34 vertebrae, which are connected by ligaments and joints.
In the womb the infant's spine looks like a single arc. When a child of light, it is a natural spine and becomes almost a straight line. From birth onwards begins to form posture. With the ability to hold the head in elevated position, the cervical spine of the child appears gradually bending forward, the so-called cervical lordosis. If the time has come, when the child already knows how to sit, thoracic spine is also designed for bending, only the facing back (kyphosis). But if the child begins to walk, the lumbar with a slight curve with the convexity facing forward. This lumbar lordosis. It is therefore important to follow the proper creation of the child's posture.
On posture and its violations
Posture is the ability of an individual to his body in different positions. This is right and what is wrong.
The position is correct, when the relaxed standing person, which in its normal use position, not the extra active stress and keeps your head and body flat. In addition, it is easy walking, slightly lowered and laid back shoulders forward facing chest, taut belly, and legs, straight in knees.
The incorrect posture of the person is not able to correctly keep your body, therefore, as a rule, stands and moves on the floor, legs bent, shoulders and head, and thrusting the abdomen. In this posture hinders the normal functioning of the internal organs.
Various violations of posture, or slouching, lordosis, kyphosis, or scoliosis (lateral curvature of the spine) is pretty common in children of preschool and school age. Mostly they are children or physically impaired, or suffer from any chronic diseases, or who have already suffered a serious illness in early childhood.
Prevention of postural disorders
Prevent any problems associated with posture, must be comprehensive and will be based on the following principles.
Proper diet.
Constantly developing body of the child through the growth needs of useful nutrient. Diet should be full and varied, as this depends on how properly the development of muscle and bone.
In the locomotor activity.
Very important for children's health posture exercise, various sports (especially skiing and swimming), gymnastics, and tourism, active outdoor games, etc, you should be Aware that upon physical development must not force the child to make a sharp and fast to load.
The correct mode of the day.
To avoid problems with posture not only need to arrange the correct mode of the day (walking, sleeping, waking, feeding, etc), but strictly respected without any exceptions, for example, at the end of the week.
Comfortable baby room.
- Room must have good lighting. Additionally Table lamp should be furnished with children's Desk.
- Table height must match the height of the child. There are also special tables that are designed to correct posture of the student.
- The chair should repeat the curves of the body. However, instead of this orthopedic chair can be put for the back at the level of the lumbar cushion in addition to the usual chair. The height of the chair in the ideal case should be equal to the height of the bottom part of the leg. Use your feet if it reaches the floor.
- Children should sit so that his back rested on the chair back, the head slightly bent forward, and between the body and the table easily held one hand over the edge. When they get impossible to remove the feet under yourself, as this can cause curvature of the spine and circulatory problems.
- In the nursery beds should be smooth and firm mattress. With this type of child's weight is distributed evenly and the muscles relax after the vertical position of the trunk throughout the day. Do not let the baby sleep on soft surfaces. This gave rise to the formation of irregular curves of the spine during sleep. In addition, a soft cushion promotes warming in the intervertebral discs, which interfere with heat regulation. Regarding child pads should be flat and be placed solely on the head, and not at the shoulders.
The competent adjustment of the shoes.
Correct, accurate and timely selection of kids shoes allows parents to avoid, and even eliminate many of the problems, such as functional shortening of the limb, which is the result of improper posture, or compensation for injury to your feet (clubfoot, flat feet).
Even distribution of the load.
It is known that most often is at school age, when children experience rapid growth of bone and muscle mass, are, unfortunately, to obtain the curvature of the spine. This happens for the reason that at this age the child's spine is not adapted to heavy loads. Parents should try not too many of the children when wearing them knapsack, rucksack or briefcase. Don't forget that the standard weight which is allowed to raise the child, is 10% of the total body mass.
The last of the school backpack must be flat and solid, its width should not be more than shoulder width. Also the backpack should not hang below the belt and shoulder straps must be soft and wide, adjustable length. It is unacceptable for extended periods of time carrying heavy bags on one shoulder, which is especially important for girls. In this case, the curvature of the spine may be unavoidable.
As for the right of carrying of heavy loads, it is known that lean to take the weight and lift it is a large load on the spine and you can't do that. The correct would be to sit down in the first place, just back, then, pressed against his chest, lifting and carrying. And as a tip for parents: even if you do not follow this rule, and teach it to your children.
Formation of the correct posture
To encourage the growth and development of the muscles of the child can be safely run at the time of his birth. Therefore, it is their growth and strength will develop faster. For infants, a great help with this is the massage (with prescription).
Children at the age of 2-3 months you can begin doing exercise to workout the muscle groups responsible for holding the body in the correct position. This is enough to be with her palms to raise a child, moving from position "lying" in the "up" position, and then long to hold him in the air. In this position the muscles and joints of the baby are to move, training for all muscle groups.
After 1.5 years in the form of games with the child can begin to do gymnastics. Together, you can "chop wood", "cat" arch your back, "for pumping the water" walk on the drawn line, such as rope, rolling along the ground, past obstacles, etc, you Can ask your child to draw a bird: lie on your stomach, "spread the wings" (arms out to the sides) and hold the ankles and feet.
Hold of a child, which is formed before puberty. All this time, you must follow its formation. If a child already, it was decided to breach, until this period, that it can be corrected. Children must regularly visit the podiatrist while he's on the account and go through all the available types of treatment. This can be a therapeutic exercise, swimming, massage, physiotherapy, manual therapy, surgical treatment (according to indications).
Useful exercises
For the formation of correct posture in children and prevent violations during learning, the morning gymnastics, physical culture, and in those moments at home and especially in pre-school and school institutions, you can use a variety of useful exercises. The following are examples of such exercises.
- The child stands on one leg or walking on a balance beam.
- Holding back the Hoop, the child does not tilt to the side.
- Holding the stick, the child crouches, stands on his toes.
- Spreading his arms in hand, the child does not move back.
- With your feet apart and hold the pole, baby, giving, doing forward bends.
- The child puts the legs up, lying on his back.
- A child crawls on all four.
- Child, while maintaining correct posture, walking, having any load on the head.
- Hands down the child holds the stick at the ends and puts his hands up, bringing the stick back, and then oscillates between the slopes of the left and right.
- Use the horizontal bar or wall bars, the child, firmly clutching the bar, flexes the foot at the right angle and in this position for a few seconds.
- That is in the position "feet together, hands down", the child removes his right leg back, and throws his hands to the side and freezes, then repeat the exercise with the left leg.
- Lying on his back, the child with the feet of the "known" or represents "scissors".
- Lying on stomach, child lifts the knees bent feet, grabs the ankle with his hands and begins to rock like a boat on the waves.
- Standing before the mirror, the child, alternately, first breaks, and then fixes his posture.
- The child becomes on the walls of the five points (head, shoulders, buttocks, calves and heels). These points are the basic curves of our body externally and usually should be in contact with the wall. Then it performs various movements such as squats or raising the legs and hands apart, straining the muscles of the average 5 seconds.
Finish
Dear parents, to recall and tell a child "Sit up straight" of course, but this is still not enough. Start to care for the health of their children "from the cradle" and be sure to find time to practice with them. An important moment in the formation of the correct posture of the child is a personal example. Do the exercises with your child, keep your back straight and healthy!